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Is your pump actually turning the water over? Do the math.
Cloudy water and algae usually trace back to filtration time, not chemicals — and filtration time is one division: gallons ÷ (GPM × 60). This calculator shows your actual turnover, the GPM needed to hit the 8-hour residential standard, and what each turnover costs in electricity (where the variable-speed-pump math gets persuasive).
Pool owners fighting cloudy water use this to find out whether the problem is runtime, not chemistry — one division tells you. The electricity cost layer makes the variable-speed upgrade math concrete: same turnover, a third of the watts.
Long enough for one full turnover minimum — for a 20,000-gallon pool on a 50 GPM pump that is 6.7 hours. Many owners run 8–12 hours in summer for margin. A variable-speed pump run longer at low speed filters better AND costs less than a single-speed sprint.
Less than the label. Nameplate GPM is at zero head pressure; real systems run 30–60 feet of head (plumbing, filter, heater). Find your pump's curve chart and read the flow at your estimated head — typically 60–70% of nameplate for a clean filter.